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What is a Damage Function in Climate Models?

The mathematical heart of climate-economy modelling—and a driver of risk perception and policy outcomes...


IEA 2025 Energy Outlook: Renewables Surge While Efficiency Lags

Global energy demand hits record highs as renewables rise—but is the transition fast enough to meet climate goals?...


From Biodiversity Loss to Border Conflict: Ecological Disruptions as National Security Threats

Why climate and nature risks are forcing finance and policy to rethink traditional security models...


Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs): Bridging Climate Science and Investment Strategy

How complex climate-economic models are shaping financial risk tools and informing sustainable allocation decisions...


Integrating Climate Models into Financial Decision-Making

As climate change accelerates, it is reshaping not just our environment but also the very foundation of global economic systems. For financial institutions, investors, and corporate risk managers, understanding and integrating climate risks into decision-mak...


Extreme Weather Events and Financial Risk Modeling

As climate change intensifies, extreme weather events—such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and heatwaves—are becoming more frequent and severe. These events not only disrupt communities and devastate ecosystems but also pose significant...


From Climate Pledges to Action: How Financial Models Are Tracking Carbon Emissions

Over the past decade, companies, financial institutions, and governments have made ambitious net-zero commitments—pledging to reduce or offset their carbon emissions by 2050 or sooner. However, a major challenge remains: how do we accurately track, measur...


Climate Modeling in Financial Risk Assessment: Bridging Science and Finance

As the financial sector grapples with climate-related risks and opportunities, climate modeling has become an essential tool for risk assessment and strategic planning. This article explores how climate models are applied in financial risk assessment and decis...


Fundamentals of Climate Modeling: From Science to Scenarios

Climate models are sophisticated tools that help scientists understand and project future climate conditions. This article explores the basics of climate modeling, its evolution, and the scenarios used in climate projections....